What is 5-Axis Simultaneous Contouring?
As the need for manufacturing sophistication rises, 5-axis machine tools offer unmatched machining control and precision.
A key capability of 5-axis CNC machines is simultaneous contouring, a machining method arising from a shift in recent years as manufacturers make efforts to be more efficient by running their parts complete versus the conventional 3+2 or 4+1 milling operations.
This facet of CNC contouring can produce complete, complicated, and extremely accurate parts with multi-plane machining.
Whether you’re producing components for the automotive, aerospace, or medical industries, precise and true 5-axis CNC machining makes it possible to turn out components in one operation and exponentially increase productivity.
What is Simultaneous Contouring?
Simultaneous contouring, or 5-axis contouring, is an advanced process for seamless and continuous cutting of complex, contoured surfaces.
This machining process differs from conventional production methods, such as 3-axis machining, because true 5-axis machines allow rotational axes (A, B, or C-axis) to move at the same time as the X, Y, and Z-axis during production.
5-Axis vs. 3-Axis Capabilities
In 3-axis equipment, machining only happens on three linear axes (X, Y, and Z). While it’s a robust solution for many applications, its capabilities do not extend to creating intricate geometries or complex curves with high precision.
Now, imagine the 3-axis machining process, but with more spatial freedom.
That’s the unique advantage of 5-axis machining. By adding two rotational axes (A and B or C) to the existing X, Y, and Z linear axes, 5-axis machines can simultaneously approach the workpiece from all five sides.
How Manufacturers Benefit
The benefits of 5-axis simultaneous contouring lie not in its complexity, but rather in how it simplifies the production of complex parts, enhances efficiency, and drives innovation in precision manufacturing.
The added complexity of 5-axis simultaneous contouring does not merely translate to more intricate designs, but also superior surface finishes and reduced machining times.
Imagine a complex, curving part, like a turbine blade. To machine this using a 3-axis system would require multiple setups and repositioning, whereas a 5-axis machine can accomplish it in a single setup, maintaining a continuous and efficient tool path.
4 Advantages of 5-Axis Simultaneous Contouring
True 5-axis CNC machining increases output and improves numerous manufacturing metrics, delivering measurable and significant ROI for machine shop owners.
1. Increased Accuracy and Precision
The additional rotational axes in 5-axis contouring provide enhanced machining accuracy and precision. Machines with this capability keep the spindle, workpiece, and tool in the correct position. This reduces errors while producing parts that are at or below the required print tolerances.
2. Reduced Cost and Time
The ability of 5-axis machines to keep the tool in the cut for any type of material with one setup significantly reduces machining time. The efficiency of multi-plane machining lowers labor costs, minimizes errors, and results in faster turnaround times to boost overall productivity.
3. Complex Shapes and Geometries
5-axis simultaneous contouring outperforms conventional machining with the ability to create complex shapes and geometries. The simultaneous control over all five axes provides the flexibility to produce intricate designs.
4. Improved Finish
The consistent tool-to-workpiece contact in 5-axis contouring ensures a superior blending from operation to operation. By minimizing the need for secondary finishing processes, simultaneous contouring enhances aesthetics and improves the overall functionality and lifespan of the part.
Challenges for Manufacturers
While 5-axis simultaneous contouring has revolutionized the manufacturing industry, it introduces some challenges for machine shops and engineers. The complexities of 5-axis machining technology demand a higher level of understanding, careful management, and meticulous attention to detail in several critical areas.
1. Programming Tool Paths
Achieving programming precision for 5-axis simultaneous contouring is challenging. Generating accurate and efficient tool paths requires sophisticated CAM software and post-processor to gain a thorough understanding of the 5-axis machining process. Inaccuracies and/or a lack of post-processing can lead to suboptimal results.
2. Machine Stability
Simultaneous movement along five axes places high demands on the machine structure and casting, requiring enhanced rigidity and balance to ensure precision. This is an area where the builders that Methods represents shine the brightest. Less robust machines introduce vibration or deflection that affects contouring quality.
3. Operator Skill
The operation of 5-axis machines requires skilled programmers and experienced operators who bring an advanced understanding of CNC programming, spatial awareness, and knowledge of the machining process. Without this expertise, the machine’s potential (and ROI) might remain untapped, leading to a regression where shops use the 5-axis machine tool as a 3-axis machine.
Supported Machining Applications
The capabilities of 5-axis simultaneous contouring extend to various industries and applications, giving it an advantage over traditional machining processes.
Its unique ability to create high-precision complex shapes lends itself to several innovative applications.
1. Aerospace Components
For aerospace machine shops, manufacturing parts like turbine blades, airfoils, and other complex aerodynamic components often requires high-precision machining of intricate geometries. The 5-axis simultaneous contouring technique allows the production of these components with a single setup, ensuring high-quality surface finishes and precise dimensions, both critical factors in aerospace applications.
2. Automotive Parts
Automotive industry suppliers often take advantage of the capabilities and benefits of 5-axis machining equipment. Engine components, such as camshafts, crankshafts, and cylinder heads, often have intricate geometries that require precise machining. 5-axis contouring enables manufacturers to meet these demanding specifications with ease.
3. Medical Devices
Manufacturing for the medical industry, where precision and customization are paramount, has been revolutionized by 5-axis machining of complex surgical instruments. The process ensures the accurate and efficient production of high-stakes components, such as custom prosthetics, implants, and orthopedic devices, to meet highly stringent quality standards.
4. Dies and Molds
Die and mold making is another area where 5-axis machining excels. The ability for die/mold machine shops to produce complex curves and contours on a single setup greatly reduces the time and cost of producing dies and molds with these characteristics.
5-Axis CNC Machines for Simultaneous Contouring
These 5-axis solutions have the power to accelerate complex part production, making precision an everyday reality:
· YASDA PX30I
· YASDA YBM VI40
· OKK VC-X500
· METHODS MB 650U
· OKK VC-X350
· FANUC ROBODRILL Α-DIB5 ADV SERIES SHORT BED
· KIWA TRIPLE H40 5-AXIS
· YASDA YBM 10T-100TT
The Expanding Reach of True 5-Axis
As manufacturers and engineers embrace 5-axis machining technology, they can unlock future opportunities to push the boundaries of their production operations.
Looking ahead, simultaneous contouring will continue to support advancements in manufacturing for industries where complexity, precision, and efficiency are critical. The evolution of aerospace and medical technology will require more intricate parts, and 5-axis machining will help manufacturers address these needs.
Simultaneous contouring and true 5-axis machining embodies the cutting edge of machining technology, blending efficiency, accuracy, and versatility. Its transformative impact on industries like aerospace, automotive, and medical technology underscores its potential.
Despite its challenges, the immense benefits of this advanced manufacturing process make it integral to the future of precision machining.
Make 5-Axis Work for Your Shop
At Methods, we partner with machine shops to turn these challenges into opportunities. Connect with our experts to determine how we can introduce true 5-axis machining that drives profitability for your shop.